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[On the Basis of a Case: Follow-Up of a Patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) through the EPOCA Service] - PubMed

[On the Basis of a Case: Follow-Up of a Patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) through the EPOCA Service] - PubMed

Source : https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41122210/

71-year-old man with multiple pathologies. He goes to the pharmacy and a frequent throat clearing and cough is detected. He says it has been going on for a couple of...

A 71-year-old COPD patient was followed in a community pharmacy EPOCA service, showing improved inhalation technique and spirometry monitoring through pharmacist-led education, emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration in COPD management.

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Childhood tuberculosis: Diagnostic gaps and emerging tools in a neglected global crisis

Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) is a major but frequently under-recognized global health burden, contributing to 1.5 million new cases annually and ranking among the top 10 causes of childhood mortality. The COVID-19 pandemic severely disrupted TB diagnosis and treatment access, worsening outcomes—especially in children under 5, who account for 80% of pediatric TB deaths due to their immunological vulnerability.

Highlights:

  • Diagnosis is often complicated by the predominance of paucibacillary and extrapulmonary presentations in children.
  • Tools like IGRA and Xpert Mtb/RIF Ultra accelerate diagnosis and drug-resistance detection.
  • Emerging evidence suggests that the gut–lung microbiota axis and vitamin D status may modulate TB susceptibility and therapeutic outcomes.
  • Shorter regimens for latent and non-severe TB improve adherence, while newer drugs such as bedaquiline and delamanid are now approved for pediatric drug-resistant TB.
  • While the BCG vaccine offers some protection against severe disease, it does not prevent latent TB reactivation, reinforcing the urgent need for next-generation vaccines.

What sets this study apart:

This review integrates epidemiologic trends, microbiome science, diagnostic advances, and novel therapeutics into a comprehensive approach to pediatric TB management. It highlights both biologic complexity and systemic barriers, particularly in resource-limited settings.

Limitations:

TB remains difficult to detect in children under 2 and often mimics other conditions. Managing drug-resistant TB is further complicated by low bacterial burden and limited pediatric formulations.

Are current tools sufficient for timely and accurate TB diagnosis in children? Could understanding the microbiota–immunity interaction reshape pediatric TB therapy?

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Ozone rectal insufflation attenuates lung inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway through upregulation of Nrf2 in mice with COPD-like pathology - PubMed

Ozone rectal insufflation attenuates lung inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway through upregulation of Nrf2 in mice with COPD-like pathology - PubMed

Source : https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41115352/

Inflammation is an important pathological feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Ozone(O 3 ), a triatomic molecule composed of three oxygen atoms, is often referred to as an oxygen-derived...

In a mouse COPD model, ozone rectal insufflation reduced oxidative stress and inflammation via Nrf2 activation and TLR4/NF-κB inhibition, suggesting a potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic mechanism in COPD-like pathology.

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Preoperative Risk Score for Mortality Within Three Years of Non-Emergent TEVAR for Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm - PubMed

Preoperative Risk Score for Mortality Within Three Years of Non-Emergent TEVAR for Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm - PubMed

Source : https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41077287/

A risk score for three-year mortality following TEVAR for non-dissection related descending thoracic aortic aneurysm has been created which has both good accuracy and outstanding internal VQI validation. The most...

A validated preoperative risk score predicted three-year mortality after elective TEVAR, identifying COPD, smoking, renal insufficiency, anemia, and aneurysm size as significant predictors of poorer postoperative survival outcomes.

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The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PubMed

The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PubMed

Source : https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41047437/

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a commonly used intervention for smoking cessation. This PROSPERO-registered systematic review and meta-analysis (CRD42024581823) evaluated the long-term effectiveness of CBT in achieving abstinence for six...

This systematic review and meta-analysis shows cognitive behavioral therapy significantly improves long-term smoking cessation, particularly among COPD and cardiovascular disease patients, supporting its integration with pharmacotherapy for high-risk populations.