Relevance: This article discusses the importance of combining effective respiratory management of asthma and COPD with environmental considerations (Box 1), and focuses on the UK as an example owing to the distribution of inhaler sales and poor patient outcomes.

Conclusion: Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 is associated with an increased risk of COPD mortality in Chongqing, China. COPD mortality in urban areas has a high risk of increase in the initial phase of PM2.5 and PM10 exposure. There is a stronger lagging effect at high concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 exposure in rural areas, which may further...

Conclusions: Results of our study suggest that endothelial function may improve in COPD after pulmonary rehabilitation. The potential beneficial effect in terms of cardiovascular risk prevention should be evaluated in ad hoc designed studies.

Conclusion: Very few studies specifically consider processes underpinning COPD discharge intervention implementation. There is a need to recognise that the transition itself creates problems, which require addressing, before introducing any new intervention. Patients report a preference for interventions to be individually adapted—in...

Conclusion: The low proportion of treatment switches between steps indicates that tailoring of treatment to patients’ needs might be suboptimal. The tPDC-based algorithm functions well in translating dispensing data into continuous drug-utilization data, enabling a more granular assessment of treatment patterns among asthma patients.