Conclusion/Relevance: Our study supports the inclusion of lung function testing in primary care settings for women over the age of 45 years who have never smoked and have a history of breathing difficulties, asthma or allergies.

Conclusions and Relevance: The findings of this targeted evidence update are generally consistent with the findings of the previous systematic review supporting the 2016 USPSTF recommendation. Evidence of pharmacologic treatment was still largely limited to persons with moderate airflow obstruction, and there was no consistent benefit...

Conclusion: Low quality evidence showed that home-based telehealth interventions reduce symptom burden and increase walking distance to a clinically meaningful extent in patients with COPD. However, no effects on depression and anxiety were observed.

Interpretation: With increasing severity of COPD, the airway microbiome is associated with decreased abundance of Prevotella and increased abundance of Moraxella in concert with downregulation of genes promoting epithelial defence and upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes associated with inhaled corticosteroids use. Our work provides further...

Conclusions: LAMAs exert a direct effect on airway epithelium to enhance ciliary function, which may improve impaired MCC in asthma and COPD. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the effects of LAMAs on the promotion of airway ciliary function.